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Polarising Javanese Society: Islamic and Other Visions (c. 1830-1930)

M.C. Ricklefs is Professor Emeritus of the Australian National University. He was formerly Professor of History at the National University of Singapore and Monash University, and Director of the Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies at the Australian National University.

NUS Press (First Published, 2007)
256 pages including Bibliography and Index

RM95.00

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ISBN: 9789971693466 Product ID: 3038 Subjects: , , , Sub-subjects: , ,

Polarising Javanese Society: Islamic and Other Visions (c. 1830-1930) is an historical account on the perceptions and practice of Islam in Java from the early 19th to the early 20th century, and examines the origin of different elements of Javanese society that developed from a more unified culture in Java’s past. This volume is the second in the series about Islam in Java, with the first in the series entitled Mystic Synthesis in Java (2006). By the early nineteenth century, Islam had come to be the religious element in Javanese identity. But it was a particular kind of Islam, here called the “mystic synthesis”. This Javanese mysticism had three notable characteristics: Javanese held firmly to their identity as Muslims, they carried out the basic ritual obligations of the faith, but they also accepted the reality of local spiritual forces. In the course of the nineteenth century, colonial rule, population pressure and Islamic reform all acted to undermine this “mystic synthesis”.

Pious Muslims became divided amongst adherents of that synthesis, reformers who demanded a more orthoprax way of life, reforming Sufis and those who believed in messianic ideas. A new category of Javanese emerged, people who resisted Islamic reform and began to attenuate their Islamic identity. This group became known as abangan, nominal Muslims, and they constituted a majority of the population. For the first time, a minority of Javanese converted to Christianity. The priyayi elite, Java’s aristocracy, meanwhile embraced the forms of modernity represented by their European rulers and the wider advances of modern scientific learning. Some even came to regard the original conversion of the Javanese to Islam as a civilisational mistake, and within this element explicitly anti-Islamic sentiments began to appear. In the early twentieth century these categories became politicised in the context of Indonesia’s nascent anti-colonial movements. Thus, were born contending political identities that lay behind much of the conflict and bloodshed of twentieth-century Indonesia.

Illustrations
Maps
Tables
Abbreviations
Transcription and Orthography
Preface

1. The Javanese Islamic Legacy to c. 1830: The Mystic Synthesis
2. Javanese Society’s Nineteenth-century Colonial Context
3. The Diverging Worlds of Pious Islam
4. The Birth of the Abangan
5. Javanese Christian Communities
6. The Elite’s New Horizons
7. Anti-Islamic Reaction: Budi and Buda
8. Polarities Politicised, c. 1908—30

Conclusions: Religion, Politics and Conflicted Societies

Glossary
Bibliography
Index

Weight0.465 kg
Dimensions22.9 × 15.2 × 1 cm
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